What is described as the removal of something unpleasant to reinforce a behavior?

The concept of removing something unpleasant to reinforce a behavior aligns with the definition of negative reinforcement. This psychological principle involves the elimination of an aversive stimulus following a desired behavior, which strengthens that behavior over time.

For instance, if a student studies hard to avoid the unpleasant consequence of failing an exam, their studying behavior is reinforced because it removes the negative outcome, leading them to study more in the future. This is different from positive reinforcement, where a pleasant stimulus is added to encourage a behavior. Negative reinforcement focuses specifically on the removal of an undesired element to promote a desired action.

In contrast, positive punishment involves presenting an unpleasant consequence after an undesired behavior, aiming to decrease that behavior, while extinction refers to the reduction in behavior when it is no longer reinforced. Therefore, the primary mechanism through which the behavior is strengthened in this scenario is the removal of something negative, highlighting the effectiveness of negative reinforcement in behavior modification.